Perception Stack archive
Sensors, math, and navigation
Articles on LiDAR, cameras, radar, and inertial sensors, along with the deep-learning mathematics and state estimation that turn their measurements into navigation.
A Kalman Update From GPS And Motion
An IMU can carry a position estimate between GPS fixes, but its errors accumulate. A one-dimensional worked example shows how…
October 30, 2026
What Cross-Entropy Teaches a Classifier
A classifier’s raw scores are not probabilities, and cross-entropy does more than reward the right answer. A small three-class example…
October 30, 2026